Question 1)
first I think you've made a typo I think it is supposed to be

, to find the first root is the most difficult, as it involves a bit of guesswork
you need to find a x value such that, f(x)=0, now x=1 works so (x-1) must be a factor then you need to use synthetic division
CODE
1 | 2 5 -4 -3
| 2 7 3
_________________
2 7 3 0
this tells us that

now all we need to do is factorise that quadratic (if possible) now

so

in its fully factorised form is

Question 2)
now this question involves the discriminant, for equal roots b²-4ac=0
so a=a, b=20, c=40

Question 3)
this is another discriminant question, but for real roots b²-4ac >=0 or greater than or equal to zero
in this case a = (k-2), b= -(3k-2) c = 2k



now this is the challenge, to try and show that this quadratic is positive or zero for all values of k
Let's consider its graph
You can tell that if we put in a positive value this quadratic will be positive, so at least some of it is above the x-axis
if you factorise it you get (k+2)² which shows that its turning point is on the x-axis therefore it doesn't cross the x-axis.
Therefore, since part of the graph is above the x-axis, and it doesn't cross the x-axis (and the graph is continuous) therefore it is always above or equal to 0
Though this may be overkill compared to what you are expected to do
Question 4)
This is a nasty differentiation question for higher

//now we need to turn that

into

and multiply the top line by it

//simplify using laws of indices
then just differentiate like you would any other polynomial I'll let you do this yourself, if you struggle just post again and I'll write it out
Hope this helps, and I hope I haven't made any mistakes XD